Download Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards

The Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards is a comprehensive guidebook that provides a detailed comparison of various steel standards used around the world. The book includes information on more than 100 steel standards from countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, China, and others.

Handbook Of Comparative World Steel Standards 3rd Edition

Handbook Of Comparative World Steel Standards 2nd Edition

The handbook is divided into four main sections:

1.      Introduction: This section provides a brief overview of the history and development of steel standards, as well as the need for a comparative guidebook.

2.      Steel Standards: This section provides a detailed comparison of various steel standards from around the world. The standards are organized by country, and each standard is presented in a standardized format that includes the following information:

·         Standard designation and year of issue

·         Chemical composition and mechanical properties

·         Product forms and sizes

·         Steel grades and symbols

·         Equivalent standards from other countries

3.      Cross-Reference Tables: This section includes cross-reference tables that allow users to easily compare steel standards from different countries. The tables are organized by product form (e.g. plates, bars, tubes, etc.) and provide information on equivalent grades from different standards.

4.      Appendices: This section includes additional information on steel standards, including a glossary of terms, conversion factors, and a list of organizations involved in the development of steel standards.

The Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards is a valuable resource for engineers, designers, and manufacturers who work with steel, as well as students and researchers in the field of materials science and engineering.

Link download:

Download Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards (2nd Edition)

Handbook Of Comparative World Steel Standards 3rd Edition

Comparing the Composition, Properties, and Applications of Aluminum Alloys 5052 and 6061

Aluminum alloys are widely used in various applications due to their excellent properties. Two common aluminum alloys are 5052 and 6061, which have their own unique compositions and properties. In this article, we will compare the composition and properties of these two alloys.

Composition: 5052 is an aluminum-magnesium alloy that contains about 2.2-2.8% magnesium, while 6061 is an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy that contains about 0.6-1.2% magnesium and 0.4-0.8% silicon. Additionally, 6061 contains a small amount of copper (0.15-0.40%) and zinc (0.25%).

Properties:

1.   Corrosion Resistance: Both 5052 and 6061 have good corrosion resistance, making them suitable for use in harsh environments. However, 5052 has better resistance to saltwater and industrial chemical environments.

2.   Strength: 6061 has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than 5052, making it suitable for use in structural applications where strength is important.

3.  Formability: 5052 has good formability, but 6061 is more difficult to form due to its higher strength and hardness.

4.   Weldability: Both alloys have good weldability, but 5052 is easier to weld due to its higher magnesium content.

5.   Machinability: 6061 has better machinability than 5052 due to its lower strength and hardness.

6.   Heat Treatment: 6061 can be heat treated to improve its strength and hardness, while 5052 cannot be heat treated.

Applications:

5052 is commonly used in marine and transportation applications such as boats, ships, and aircraft, as well as structural and architectural applications such as building facades, roofs, and panels. It is also used in chemical and food processing equipment, sheet metal work, electronic components and appliances, and pressure vessels and tanks.

6061 is commonly used in structural applications such as bridges, buildings, and aircraft, as well as automotive parts, marine components, and bicycle frames. It is also used in electrical components, pipes and tubes, and sporting equipment.

In conclusion, both 5052 and 6061 aluminum alloys offer excellent properties, but they have some differences in composition, properties, and applications. 5052 is easier to form and is commonly used in marine and transportation applications, while 6061 is stronger and more commonly used in structural applications.

Comparing the Composition, Properties, and Applications of Aluminum Alloys 3003 and 5052

3003 and 5052 are both aluminum alloys that are widely used in various industries due to their excellent properties. In this article, we will compare the composition and properties of both alloys.

Composition: 3003 is an aluminum-manganese alloy that contains about 1-1.5% manganese, while 5052 is an aluminum-magnesium alloy that contains about 2.2-2.8% magnesium. Additionally, 3003 contains a small amount of copper (0.05-0.20%), while 5052 contains chromium (0.15-0.35%) and a smaller amount of copper (0.10% maximum).

3003 Aluminum Plates

Properties:

1.   Corrosion Resistance: Both 3003 and 5052 have excellent corrosion resistance, making them suitable for use in harsh environments. However, 5052 has better resistance to saltwater and industrial chemical environments.

2.   Strength: 5052 has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than 3003, making it suitable for use in structural applications where strength is important.

3.   Formability: Both alloys have good formability, but 3003 is easier to form and shape due to its higher ductility.

4.   Weldability: Both alloys have good weldability, but 5052 is easier to weld due to its higher magnesium content.

5.    Machinability: Both alloys have good machinability, but 3003 is easier to machine due to its lower strength and hardness.

6.   Surface Finish: Both alloys have excellent surface finishes, allowing them to be easily polished, anodized, or painted.

Applications:

3003 is commonly used in low-load applications that require high plasticity and good weldability, such as kitchen utensils, food and chemical product processing and storage devices, tanks, and tanks for transporting liquid products, various pressure vessels and pipes processed with thin plates, general utensils, heat sinks, cosmetic plates, photocopier rollers, and ship materials.

5052 is commonly used in marine and transportation applications such as boats, ships, and aircraft, as well as structural and architectural applications such as building facades, roofs, and panels. It is also used in chemical and food processing equipment, sheet metal work, electronic components and appliances, and pressure vessels and tanks.

In conclusion, while both 3003 and 5052 aluminum alloys offer excellent properties, they have some differences in composition, properties, and applications. 3003 is easier to form and is commonly used in low-load applications, while 5052 is stronger and more commonly used in structural and marine applications.

 

GOST, GB, JIS, ASTM, BJ, DIN, ISO STEEL STANDARD EQUIVALENTS

In this post, we will present a table that shows the equivalents between some of the most commonly used steel standards, including GOST (Russia), GB (China), JIS (Japan), ASTM (USA), BJ (British), DIN (Germany), NF (France), and ISO. The table will provide a side-by-side comparison of the different grades.

By referring to this table, engineers, manufacturers, and other professionals can quickly and easily identify the most suitable types of steel for their specific applications.

Please check the Excel file in the shared link for the table:

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1oFf4By4EzKFrQXFpu7KtGSLSgxWjgLcE/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=114882794807797039738&rtpof=true&sd=true

Comparision Grade 304 304L 316 316L Corrosion Resistance

As American AISI basic grades, the only practical difference between 304 or 316 and 304L or 316L is carbon content. The carbon ranges are 0.08% maximum for 304 and 316 and 0.030% maximum for the 304L and 316L types. All other element ranges are essentially the same (nickel range for 304 is 8.00-10.50% and for 304L 8.00-12.00%).

There are two European steel of the '304L' type, 1.4306 and 1.4307. The 1.4306 is the variant most commonly offered, outside Germany. The 1.4301 (304) and 1.4306 (304L) have carbon ranges of 0.07% maximum and 0.030% maximum, respectively. The chromium and nickel ranges are similar, nickel for both grades having an 8% minimum. The European grades for the 316 and 316L types, 1.4401 and 1.4404, match on all elements with carbon ranges of 0.07% maximum for 1.4401 and 0.030% maximum for 1.4404.

Effect of carbon on corrosion resistance

The lower carbon 'variants' (316L) were established as alternatives to the 'standards' (316) carbon range grade to overcome the risk of intercystalline corrosion (weld decay), which was identified as a problem in the early days of the application of these stainless steel tube. This can result if the steel is held in a temperature range 450 to 850 for periods of several minutes, depending on the temperature and subsequently exposed to aggressive corrosive environments. Corrosion then takes place next to grain boundaries.

If the carbon level is below 0.030% then this intercrystalline corrosion does not take place following exposure to these temperatures, especially for the sort of time normally experienced in the heat affected zone of welds in 'thick' sections of steel.

Effect of carbon level on weldability

There is a view that the low carbon types are easier to weld than the standard carbon types.

There does not seem to be a clear reason for this and the differences are probably associated with the lower strength of the low carbon type. The low carbon type may be easier to shape and form, which in turn may also affect the levels of residual stress left the steel after is forming and fitting up for welding. This may result in the 'standard' carbon types needing more force to hold them in position once fitted-up for welding, with more of a tendency to spring-back if not properly held in place.

The welding consumables for both types are based on a low carbon composition, to avoid intercrystalline corrosion risk in the solidified weld nugget or from the diffusion of carbon into the parent (surrounding) metal.

Dual-certification of low carbon composition steel

Commercially produced steels, using current steelmaking methods, are often produced as the low carbon type as a matter of course due to the improved control in modern steelmaking. Consequently finished steel products are often offered to the market 'dual certified' to both grade designations as they can then be used for fabrications specifying either grade, within a particular standard.

For example for coil, sheet or plate

304 Types:

BS EN 10088-2 1.4301 / 1.4307 to the European standard.

ASTM A240 304 / 304L OR ASTM A240 / ASME SA240 304 / 304L to the American pressure vessel standards.

316 Types:

BS EN 10088-2 1.4401 / 1.4404 to the European standard.

ASTM A240 316 / 316L OR ASTM A240 / ASME SA240 316 / 316L, to the American pressure vessel standards.

 

JIS, ASTM BARS, SHAPES AND STEEL PLATES GRADES

JIS, ASTM BARS, SHAPES AND STEEL PLATES GRADES TABLE:

Standard No.	Definition	Standard No.	Definition
JIS G3101	Rolled steel for general structure	ASTM A36/	Spec. for structural steel
		A 36 M-91
JIS G3106	Rolled steel for welded structure	ASTM A 283/	Spec. for low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plates of structural quality
		A 283 M-92
		ASTM A 284/	Spec. for low and intermediate tensile strength carbon silicon steel plates for machine parts and general construction
		A 284 M-90
		ASTM A 529/	Spec. for structural steel with 42 ksi (290 MPa) Minimum yield point (1/2in. (12.7mm) Maximum thickness)
		A529 M-89
		ASTM A 570/	Spec. for hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip, structural quality
		A 570 M-92
		ASTM A 572/	Spec. for high-strength low-alloy columbium-vanadium steels of structural quality
		A 572 M-92a
		ASTM A 573/	Spec. for structural carbon steel plates of improved toughness
		A 573 M-90
		ASTM A633/	Spec. for normalized high-strength low-alloy structural steel
		A 633 M-90a
		ASTM A678/	Spec. for quenched and tempered carbon steel plates for structural applications
		A 678 M-92
		ASTM A 709-92	Spec. for structural steel for bridges
		BS4360-90	Spec. for weldable structural steels
		BS EN 10025-90	Hot-rolled products of non-alloy structural steels-Technical delivery conditions
		DIN EN 10025-91
		BS4360-86 (obselete)	Weldable structural steels
		DIN 17100-80(obselete)	Steels for general structural purposes
		DIN 17102-83	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized strip, plate, universal plate, sections and merchant
		NF	Structural steels. Grades and types. Sheets, medium and heavy plates, universal plates, bars and sections
		A35-501-87(obsolete)
		ISO 630-80	Structural steels
		ISO 4950/2-81	High yield strength flat steel products
			Part 2: Products supplied in the normalized or controlled rolled condition
		ISO 4950/3-81	High yield strength flat steel product
			Part 3: Products supplied in the heat-treated (quenched + tempered) condition
		ISO 4951-79	High yield strength steel bars and sections
		ISO 4995-91	Hot-rolled steel sheet of structural quality
		ISO 4996-91	Hot-rolled steel sheet of high yield stress structural quality
		ISO 6316-82	Hot-rolled steel strip of structural quality
JIS G 3128	High yield strength steel plates for welded structure	ASTM A 514/	Spec. for high-yield strength, quenched and tempered alloy steel plate, suitable for welding
		A 514 M-91
		ASTM A 517/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, high-strength, quenched and tempered
		A 517 M-90
		ASTM A 709-92	Spec. for structural steel for bridges
		ISO 9328/4-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof stress supplied in the normalized of quenched and tempered condition
JIS G 3114	Hot-rolled atmospheric corrosion resisting steel for welded structure	ASTM A-588/	Spec. for high-strength low-alloy structural steel with 50,000 psi minimum yield point to 4 in. thick
		A 588 M-91a
		ASTM A709-92	Spec. for structural steel for bridges.
		BS EN10155-93	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
		DIN EN10155-93
		BS4360-90 (Obsolete)	Weldable structural steels
		VDEh 087-81	Atmospheric corrosion resistance structural steels
		NF A 35-502-84	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - Sheets, medium and heavy plates, universal plates, bars and sections
		ISO 4952-81	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
		ISO 5952-83	Hot rolled steel sheet of structural quality with improved atmospheric corrosion resistances
JIS G 3125	Superior atmospheric corrosion resisting rolled steels	ASTM A 242/	Spec. for high-strength low-alloy structural steel
		A242 M-91a
		BS4360-90	Weldable structural steels
		NF A 35-502-84	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - Sheets, medium and heavy plates, universal plates, bars and sections
		ISO 4952-81	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
		ISO 5952-83	Continuously hot-rolled steel sheet of structural quality with improved atmospheric corrosion resistances
JIS G 3103	Carbon steel and molybdenum alloy steel plates for boilers and other pressure vessels	ASTM A 204/	Spec. for molybdenum alloy steel plates for pressure vessels
		A204 M-90
JIS G 3115	Steel plates for pressure vessels for intermediate temperature service	ASTM A 285/	Spec. for low and intermediate tensile strength carbon-steel plates of flange and firebox qualities for pressure vessels
		A 285 M-90
JIS G 3116	Steel sheets, plates and strip for gas cylinders	ASTM A 414/	Spec. for carbon steel sheets for pressure vessels
		A 414 M-91
JIS G 3118	Carbon steel plates for pressure vessels for intermediate and moderate temperature service	ASTM A 515/	Spec. for carbon steel plates of intermediate tensile strength for pressure vessel for intermediate and higher temperature service
		A 515 M-90
		ASTM A 516/	Spec. for carbon steel plates for pressure vessels for moderate and lower temperature service
		A516 M-90
		ASTM A 612/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, high strength, for moderate and lower temperature service
		A 612 M-90
		ASTM A662/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, carbon-manganese for moderate and lower temperature service
		A 662 M-90
		BS EN 10028-2-93	Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties
		DIN EN 10028-2-93
		NF EN 10028-2-92
		BS EN 10028-3-93	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized
		DIN EN 10028-3-93
		NF EN 10028-3-92
		BS 1501/1-80	Steel for fired and unfired pressure vessels, plates
		(Obsolete)
		DIN 17155-83	Boiler plate
		(Obsolete)
		NFA 36-205-82	Iron and steel, Steel plates for boilers and pressure vessels. Carbon and carbon manganese steel. Grades and types.
		(Obsolete)
		ISO 9328/2-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 2: Unalloyed and low-alloyed steels with specified room temperature and elevated temperature properties
		ISO 9328/4-91	Steel pates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof stress supplied in the normalized or quenched and tempered condition
		ISO 4978-83	Flat rolled steel products for welded gas cylinders
JIS G 3124	High strength steel plates for pressure vessel for intermediate and moderate temperature service	BS EN 10028-2-93	Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties
		DIN 17102-83	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized strip, plate, universal plate, sections and merchant
		BS 1501/2-88	Steels for pressure purposes: plate; spec. for alloy steels
		(Obsolete)
		ISO 9328/4-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof stress supplied in the normalized or quenched and tempered condition
JIS G 3119	Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates for boilers and other pressure vessels	ASTM A 302/	Spec. for Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates for pressure vessels
		A 302 M-90
JIS G 3120	Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates quenched and tempered for pressure vessels	ASTM A 533/	Spec. for Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates quenched and tempered for pressure vessels
		A 533 M-90
JIS G 4109	Cr-Mo alloy steel plates for pressure vessels	ASTM A 734/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, alloy steel and high strength low-alloy steel, quenched and tempered
		A 734 M-87a
		ASTM A 387/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, alloy steels, chromium-molybdenum
		A 387 M-90a
		BS EN 10028-2-93	Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties
		DIN EN 10028-2-93
		NF EN 10028-2-92
		BS 1501/2-70	Steels for pressure purposes: plate; spec. for alloy steels
		(Obsolete)
		DIN 17155-83	Boiler plates
		(Obsolete)
		NF A 36-206-83	Mo, Mn-Mo and Cr-Mo alloy steel plates for boilers and pressure vessels
		(Obsolete)
		ISO 9328/2-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 2: Unalloyed and low-alloyed steels with specified room temperature and elevated temperature properties
		ISO 9328/3-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 3: Nickel-alloyed steels with specified low temperature properties
JIS G 4110	High strength chromium- molybdenum alloy steel plates for pressure vessels under high- temperature service	ASTM A 542-91	Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, quenched and tempered, Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V-Ti-B Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, Cr-Mo-V-Ti-B
		ASTM A 832-91
JIS G3126	Carbon steel plates for pressure vessels for low temperature service	ASTM A 516/	Spec. for pressure vessels, carbon steel, for moderate-and lower-temperature service
		A 516 M-90
		ASTM A 537/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, heat-treated, C-Mn-Si steel
		A 537 M-91
		ASTM A 662/	Spec. for carbon-manganese, pressure vessel plates, for moderate and lower temperature service
		A 662 M-90
		ASTM A 841/	Spec. for steel plates for pressure vessels, produced by the thermo-mechanical process
		A841 M-90
		BS EN 10028-3-93	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized
		DIN EN 10028-3-93
		NF EN 10028-3-92
		BS 1501/1-80	Steels for pressure purposes: plates; spec. for carbon and carbon manganese steels
		(Obsolete)
		DIN 17102-83	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized strip, plate, universal plate, sections and merchant bars
		NF A 36-208-82	Nickel alloy steel plates for low temperature boilers and pressure vessels
		ISO 9328/4-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof stress supplied in the normalized or quenched and tempered condition
JIS G 3127	Nickel steel plates for pressure vessels for low temperature service	ASTM A 203/	Spec. for nickel alloy steel pressure vessel plates
		A 203 M-90
		ASTM A 353/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, 9% nickel, double-normalized and tempered
		A 353 M-90
		ASTM A 553/	Spec. for quenched and tempered 8 and 9% nickel and alloy steel pressure vessel plates
		A553 M-90
		ASTM A 844/	Spec. for steel plates, 9% Nickel alloy, for pressure vessels, produced by the direct quenching process
		A844 M-87b
		BS 1501/2-88	Steels for pressure purposes: plates; spec. for alloy steels
		(Obsolete)
		DIN 17280-85	Steel for use at low temperatures
		NF A 36-208-82	Nickel alloy steel plates for low temperature boilers and pressure vessels
		ISO 9328/3-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 3: Nickel-alloyed steels with specified low temperature properties
JIS G 3104	Steel bars for rivet	ASTM A 31-89	Spec. for boiler rivet steel and rivets
		ASTM A 502-91	Spec. for steel structural rivets
		DIN 17111-80	Low carbon unalloyed steels for bolts, nuts and rivets
JIS G 3112	Steel bars for concrete reinforcement	ASTM A 615-92b	Spec. for deformed billet-steel bars for concrete reinforcement
		ASTM A 706/	Spec. for low-alloy steel deformed bars for concrete reinforcement
		A706 M-92b
		BS4449-88	Hot-rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete
		DIN 488/1-84	Reinforceing steels; grades, properties, marking
		NF A 35-015-84	Iron and steel product. Concrete reinforcing round bars
		NF A 35-016-86	Iron and steel product. Concrete reinforcing bars with improved adherence
JIS G 3191	Dimensions, weight and permissible variations of hot tolled steel bars and bar in coil	DIN 1013/1-76	Steel bars; hot rolled rounds for general purposes, dimensions and tolerances
		DIN 1013/2-76	Steel bars; hot rolled rounds for special purposes, dimensions and tolerances
		DIN 1014/1-78	Steel bars; hot rolled squares for general purposes, dimensions and tolerances
		DIN 1014/2-78	Steel bars; hot rolled squared for special purposes, dimensions and tolerances
		DIN 1015-72	Bar steel; hot-rolled hexagon steel, dimensions, permissible variations weights
		DIN 59130-78	Steel bars; hot-rolled rounds for bolts and rivets, dimensions, permissible variations, weights
		NF A45-001-83	General purpose rolled bars and sections - Rolling tolerances
		NF A 45-003-79	Hot rolled round steel bars - Dimensions
		ISO 1035/1-80	Hot rolled steel bars - Part 1: Dimensions of round bars
		ISO 1035/4-82	Hot-rolled steel bars - Part IV: tolerances of round, square and flat bars
JIS G 3192	Dimensions, weight and permissible variations of hot-rolled steel sections	BS 4/1-80	Structural steel sections; Hot-rolled sections
		BS4848/4-72	Equal and unequal angles
		BS 4848/5-80	Bulb flats
		DIN 1019-77	Bar steel; hot-rolled bulb plate; dimensions weight static properties, permissible deviations
		DIN 1025/1-63	Steel sections; hot-rolled narrow I-beams, I Range, dimensions, weights, static properties
		DIN 1025/2-63	Steel sections; hot-rolled wide I-beams (I-section wide flange beams), IPB Range and IB Range, dimensions, weights, static properties
		DIN 1025/3-63	Steel sections; hot-rolled I-beams, wide flange I-beams: light pattern, IPB1-series, dimensions, weights, tolerances, static values
		DIN 1025/4-63	Steel sections; hot-rolled I-beams: wide flange I-beams, heavy pattern, IPBv-series, dimensions, weights, tolerances, static values
		DIN 1025/5-65	Steel sections; hot-rolled I-beams: medium-flange I-beams, IPE-series, dimensions, weights, tolerances, static values
		DIN 1026-63	Bars, steel sections; hot-rolled rounded-edge channels, dimensions, weights, static properties
		DIN 1028-76	Bar steel; hot-rolled rounded-edge equal angles, dimensions, weights, static properties
		DIN 1029-78	Bar steel; hot-rolled rounded-edge unequal angles, dimensions, weights, static properties
		NF A45-010-79	Hot rolled unequal angle steel sections with radiused corners - Dimensions
		NF A45-011-83	Hot rolled bulb plate - Dimensions and tolerances
		NF A45-209-83	IPN beams - Dimensions
		NF A45-210-83	Standard beams and standard channel sections - Rolling tolerances
		ISO 657/1-89	Dimensions of hot-rolled steel sections - Part I: Equal-leg angles - Metric series - Dimensions and sectional properties
		ISO 657/2-89	Dimensions of hot-rolled steel sections - Part II: Unequal-leg angles - Metric series – Dimensions and sectional properties
		ISO 657/5-76	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part V: Equal-leg angles and unequal-leg angles - Tolerances for metric and inch series
		ISO 657/11-80	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part II: Sloping flange channel sections (Metric series) – Dimensions and sectional properties
		ISO 657/13-81	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part 13: Tolerances on sloping flange beam, column and channel sections
		ISO 657/15-80	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part 15: Sloping flange beam section (Metric series) - Dimensions and sectional properties
		ISO 657/18-80	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part 18: L sections for shipbuilding (Metric series) - Dimensions, sectional properties and tolerances
		ISO 657/19-80	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part 19: Bulb flats (Metric series) - Dimensions, sectional properties and tolerances
JIS G 3193	Dimensions, weight and permissible variations of hot rolled steel plates, sheets and strip	BS EN 10029-91	Spec. for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above
		DIN EN 10029-91	Spec. for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above
		DIN 1543-81	Flat products of steel; hot rolled plates with thickness of 3 to 150 mm; tolerances on dimensions, mass and shape
		(Obsolete)
		ISO 7452-84	Hot-rolled structural steel plates - Tolerances on dimensions and shape
		NF EN 10029-91	Spec. for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above
		NF A 46-503-83	Iron and steel - medium and heavy plates - Tolerances on dimensions and excess weight
		(Obsolete)
JIS G 3194	Dimensions, weight and permissible variations of hot rolled steel flats	DIN 1017/1-67	Bar steel; hot-rolled flat steel for general use, dimensions, permissible variations, weights
		DIN 1017/2-64	Bar steel; hot-rolled flat steel for special purposes (in bar drawing mills, bolt and screw factories, etc.) dimensions, permissible deviations, weights
		NF A 45-005-80	Hot rolled flat steel bars for general use - Dimensions
		ISO 1035/3-80	Hot-rolled steel bars - Part 3: Dimensions of flat bars
JIS G 3199	Specification for through-thickness characteristics of steel plate and wide flat	ASTM A770-86	Spec. for through-thickness tension testing of steel plates for special applications
		BS 6780-86	Spec. for through thickness reduction of area of steel plates and wide flats
		VDEh SEL 096-88	Steel flat products, sections, bars
		DIN 50180-89	Steel tensile test pieces taken perpendicular to the product surface to be used to determine the reduction of area
		NF A 36-202-81	Plates and wide flats with guaranteed properties in the direction perpendicular to the surface
		ISO 7778-83	Steel plate with specified through-thickness characteristics
JIS G 3350	Light gauge steels for general structure	SSC 400	Cold rolled steel sections
		DIN 17118-76	Cold rolled steel sections: technical condition of delivery
		DIN 59413-76	Cold rolled steel sections
		NF A 37-101-77	Steel cold formed sections, for common purposes
JIS G 3353	Welded light gauge H steels for general structures	ASTM A 769/	Spec. for electric resistance welded steel shapes
		A 769 M-90
JIS A 5528	Hot rolled steel sheet piles	ASTM A 328/	Spec. for steel sheet piling
		A 328 M-90
		NF A 35-520-87	Pile driving sections
		NF A 45-020-90	Larssen type pile driven sections
JIS E 1101	Rails	ASTM A 1-84	Spec. for carbon steel tee rails
		BS 11-85	Spec. for railway rails
		ISO 5003-80	Flat bottom railway rails and special rail sections for switches and crossings of not-treated steel - Technical delivery requirements